There’s been a spate of research in the last few years about cognitive differences between Westerners and East Asians. The trend seems to have been started by Richard Nisbett, and now people can’t seem to get enough of it.
Two new studies further reinforce the notion that culture influences cognitive style: this one suggests that Japanese people check for contextual markers (namely, the expressions of other people in the scene) to read a person’s emotions, while Americans remain fixated on the individual whose emotional state they’re supposed to be deciphering. This finding supports earlier results found by Nisbett and others regarding East Asians’ greater attention to contextual and holistic cues.
More interesting, to my mind, was this study, which concluded:
Although both cultures showed a similar developmental pattern, overall the Japanese were more optimistic than the Americans about the possibility of changing negative traits to positive attributes. The Japanese also were more likely to credit these changes to a conscious effort to do better. According to Lockhart, “cultures that value the individual, like the United States, are more likely to attribute a person’s behavior to ‘They were born that way,’ while interdependent cultures, such as Japan, are more likely to consider effort and other situational factors as determinants of behavior.”
I like this finding because it upends the whole silly notion that Asians are somehow more “fatalistic” than Westerners. In this case it was actually the Americans who were more fatalistic about people’s capacity to change for the better.
I don’t think Americans were always like this. Whatever happened to the frontier spirit, the lift-yourself-by-the-bootstraps grit of the poor immigrant, the American Dream?
Here’s a guess: the dual cults of genetic determinism and sociobiology have conspired to strip human beings of any free will or meaningful cultural diversity. Though both of these discourses are couched in the lingo and “ambience” of science, they’re actually intellectual fads that will inevitably be replaced by more nuanced descriptions of the profound effects of environment, lifestyle, and culture on things like gene expression, neuroplasticity, and cognitive style.
In the meantime, though, “It’s all in my genes,” or “I was born that way,” will continue to serve as convenient excuses for whatever it is about yourself that you have no interest in changing.